CVP and GI Pathology Exam 1 Practice

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• Lens dislocation is a feature of which disorder?
• Which disease improves after quitting smoking, often seen with distal extremity ischemia?
• Sturge-Weber syndrome features a port-wine stain with vascular involvement of which structure?
• Stanford Type B dissection does not involve the ascending aorta. Which statement best reflects this?
• Which urinary finding is associated with intravascular hemolysis?
• Total iron-binding capacity is decreased in anemia of chronic disease.
• Which antibodies are very useful diagnostic markers in non-infectious vasculitis?
• In PAN, which vessel is typically spared?
• Endothelial dysfunction is part of the pathogenesis of which vascular disease process?
• Pernicious anemia is treated with supplementation of which vitamin when intrinsic factor is deficient?
• Which lipid abnormality is not a defining feature of metabolic syndrome as described?
• Vascular smooth muscle cells can produce extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors, and cytokines.
• The short-term regulation of blood pressure is primarily mediated by which mechanism?
• What is the most common enzymatic cause of hemolytic anemia?
• In immune complex associated vasculitis, immune complexes are ______ and extremely ____
• Which vasculitis is known as pulseless disease because of diminished upper-extremity pulses?
• Which syndrome is defined by central obesity, hypertension, elevated glucose, high triglycerides, and low HDL?
• Abdominal aortic aneurysms frequently contain what poorly organized structure?
• Which vascular layer is weakened in berry aneurysms?
• True or false: Angiosarcoma can be induced by radiation.
• Which statement correctly describes total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) in iron deficiency anemia vs anemia of chronic disease?
• Which anemia is characterized by delayed nuclear division and hypoxia due to irregular hemoglobin:cell ratio?
• Thromboangiitis obliterans is the alternative name for which disease?
• True or false: Dense transmural inflammatory infiltrates are seen in Kawasaki disease and PAN.
• Which diagnosis best fits a patient with conjunctivitis, strawberry tongue, and desquamation of the skin?
• What is the worst complication of deep venous thrombosis?
• Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia is also known as which syndrome?
• Which type of lymphangioma is described as a small lesion (<2 cm) located in the head, neck, or axillary subcutaneous tissue and containing lymph but lacking red blood cells?
• Which condition represents true increase in RBC mass independent of plasma volume?
• Hemophilia B is due to decreased activity of which factor?
• Which protein is a vitamin K–dependent anticoagulant produced in the liver?
• True/False: Aortic dissection can be reliably detected on plain radiographs in the same way as aortic aneurysm.
• A patient presents with sudden anterior chest pain and pain between the shoulder blades; prior stent placement; what is the suspected diagnosis?
• Which statement about abdominal aortic aneurysms is true?
• Foam cells are derived from which cell type?
• Hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs during which pregnancy and with what Rh statuses?
• Which vessels are the main ones involved in vascular smooth muscle function?
• Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu) is inherited in which pattern?
• HbH disease in alpha-thalassemia occurs with how many defective alpha-globin genes?
• Which vascular condition is described as a true congenital anomaly or birthmark that often regresses spontaneously?
• Which signaling pathway is implicated in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia?
• Which organism infection commonly triggers cold agglutinin disease?
• A patient with a retinal cavernous hemangioma and respiratory symptoms consistent with VHL—what syndrome is suspected?
• Which of the following is a common cause of portal hypertension that can result in esophageal varices?
• Which hematologic condition is defined by an elevated platelet count?
• IVC syndrome can be caused by tumors or vein thrombosis arising from which locations?
• In Churg-Strauss syndrome, what organ involvement occurs in about 60% of cases?
• Acute hemorrhage anemia is associated with reactive reticulocytosis and which other change?
• Arteriovenous fistulas have high-output cardiac failure due to what peripheral resistance?
• Which statement best describes spider telangiectasia?
• Dissection involves separation of laminar planes of which arterial wall layer?
• Angiosarcoma is most common in older adults and often involves which organs?
• Which is the most common cause of death in a patient with an aortic dissection?
• Caput Medusa refers to varicose veins radiating from the umbilicus; where are they located?
• Which type of aneurysm is commonly referred to as berry aneurysm?
• Which benign vascular tumor of infancy is most commonly capillary in type and typically regresses by early childhood?
• What condition is caused by prolonged, increased intraluminal pressure and loss of valve competence?
• Embolisms are rare with which venous condition?
• The FBN1 gene encodes which connective tissue protein?
• Hemophilia A and von Willebrand disease are examples of which category?
• Blockage of lymph channels leading to interstitial fluid accumulation(swelling). What is this condition called?
• Sudden pain between the shoulder blades with a hypertrophied left ventricle—what do you suspect?
• Extravascular hemolysis is typically manifested by which triad?
• Which condition occurs in the lower leg when varicose veins slow the return of blood and the accumulation of fluid interferes with nourishment of the skin?
• Transplant-associated Kaposi sarcoma typically presents in which setting?
• Acute ITP in children is described as which, and is usually related to a viral infection?
• Earlier lesion in the formation of an atheroma is which of the following?
• Individuals have 1 defective B-globin gene and mild symptoms.
• Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis with onion-skin lesions is most closely associated with which condition?
• IVC syndrome could cause massive ________ when the ______ vein is involved due to pressure changes in glomerulus.
• A and B chains of hemoglobin are transmitted in an autosomal ______ pattern?
• Which vascular lesion is described as a non-neoplastic radial pulsating array of dilated arterioles under the skin?
• Megaloblastic anemia has ______ nuclear division with ______ cytoplasmic maturation.
• Which of the following is a known trigger of oxidative stress leading to hemolysis in G6PD deficiency?
• Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder. It is characterized by antibodies directed against which of the following?
• Which finding is associated with thoracic aneurysm according to the material?
• A burn patient will have ____________ polycythemia due to loss of plasma volume
• Which anemia is most often linked to malabsorption or poor dietary intake of folate?
• Approximately which demographic is described in the literature for aortic dissection: men aged 40-60 with hypertension?
• Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome is associated with which vascular lesion?
• Which arteries are normally affected by fibromuscular dysplasia?
• Which antibody is present in less than 50% of Churg-Strauss syndrome cases?
• Which vasculitis is defined by severe luminal narrowing with granulomatous thickening of the wall, typically involving the aortic arch?
• Which KS type has no association with HIV?
• Heme synthesis(Fe) deficiency and DNA synthesis(B12, folate) deficiency can cause:
• Which of the following is a type of thrombotic microangiopathic purpura that typically includes features such as renal involvement and neurologic symptoms?
• Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia is often secondary to which diseases?
• Defect in membrane carbohydrate binding site for proteins required to block complement mediated RBC lysis is seen in which disorder?
• A patient with fever and fatigue has a weak pulse in the upper extremities; which vasculitis is most likely?
• Which risk factor is classically associated with thoracic aortic aneurysm?
• Berry aneurysms are most commonly located at which kind of points?
• Which statement best describes fatty streaks?
• Which statement accurately compares iron studies in iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease?
• Which large vessel vasculitis will have neurological deficits?
• What is the most common form of the vitamin B12 deficiency?
• A patient with nodular phlebitis and prior Raynaud diagnosis; chronic hand ulcers; better since quitting smoking—what do you suspect?
• Wegener's granulomatosis commonly presents with sinusitis and nasal crusting, reflecting involvement of which anatomical region?
• Classic Kaposi sarcoma classically presents in which demographic and pattern?
• ________ polycythemia is due to increased erythropoietin (chronic hypoxia, tumors)
• Classic PAN is characterized by what type of transmural inflammation?
• Inclusions within RBCs composed of oxidized, denatured hemoglobin that precipitates under oxidative stress are called what?
• Which condition is most directly a consequence of portal hypertension?
• Giant cell arteritis is commonly associated with which condition?
• Neurologic involvement is typically present in B12 deficiency and not in folate deficiency. Which statement best describes this contrast?
• In the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, monocytes migrate into the intima and transform into which type of cells?
• Increased RBC number per unit volume is called
• Which von Willebrand disease type is associated with having four subtypes and autosomal dominant inheritance?
• Which anemia is commonly associated with hypersegmented neutrophils on peripheral smear?
• This appears as red painful subcutaneous streaks.
• Which disease is best described as a hypersensitivity vasculitis affecting capillaries, arterioles, and small venules?
• The glomus body mediates temperature regulation through arteriovenous shunts. Which statement correctly states this function?
• Which hormonal state is spider telangiectasia associated with?
• Sickle cell disease can cause infarcts in the spleen that may lead to autosplenectomy. Which organ is affected?
• Are berry aneurysms in the circle of Willis more commonly single or multiple?
• Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder caused by a defect in the FBN1 gene on chromosome 15 encoding which protein?
• Which of the following is NOT an acquired clotting factor deficiency?
• Self-limited intravascular hemolysis after eating fava beans suggests which deficiency?
• With untreated hypertension, which condition would you suspect given chest/back pain and dysphagia?
• Classic KS tends to occur in which population?
• Cavernous lymphangioma is frequently associated with which condition?
• Deficiencies of B6, folate, and B12 increase which levels in the blood that are a risk factor for atherosclerosis?
• What term describes a neoplasm with borderline malignant potential?
• The structure that mediates arteriovenous shunts in the digits to regulate temperature is known as the:
• Myeloid neoplasia involving hematopoietic precursor cells is ______ polycythemia
• A patient presents with lymphedema and a mass in their breast after chest radiation in childhood. What is the likely diagnosis?
• Where is the most likely location of an aortic dissection relative to the aortic valve?
• Which TMP occurs primarily in children and is associated with enterohemorrhagic E. coli infection?
• Which KS variant is characterized by lymph node and visceral involvement (GALT) and has poor prognosis in African children?
• Which type of hemangioma is characterized by larger dilated spaces and involvement of larger vessels and usually does not regress?
• Which combination deficiency can lead to diminished erythropoiesis anemia?
• Malignant hypertension can produce onion-skin lesions in vessels via which arteriolar pathology?
• Which condition is a cosmetic superficial venous dilation of the legs?
• Which vascular change is linked to the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm as described?
• Glomus tumor (glomangioma) arises from modified smooth muscle cells of which structure?
• Which pairing accurately describes the roles of nitric oxide and endothelin in regulating vascular tone?
• The lesion arising from modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus body in the digits is best described as:
• Which of the following statements correctly identifies lymphangiomas?
• A 4-year-old with erythema of the hands and feet and lymphadenitis who repeatedly grabs at the shoulders and chest most likely has which diagnosis?
• Which form of thalassemia is most commonly encountered?
• Dissection distal to the left subclavian artery without ascending involvement corresponds to which DeBakey type?
• In hemolytic anemia, which laboratory finding is typically elevated due to RBC destruction?
• Which disease is strongly linked to distal extremity ischemia in young male smokers?
• Sickle cell anemia is a severe form of which type of hemolytic anemia?
• Hematopoietic cell damages due to infection drugs, radiation, etc can cause which anemia?
• Which demographic is commonly affected by polyarteritis nodosa?
• A patient who recently had a coronary artery stent could be at small risk for which iatrogenic complication?
• Which of the following is NOT a defining component of metabolic syndrome as described?
• In beta-thalassemia, which globin will form unstable aggregates that result in RBC destruction?
• Which condition predisposes to berry aneurysms in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV?
• Which type of aortic dissection is more likely to cause cardiac complications?
• Temporal arteritis is the same disease as giant cell arteritis.
• People taking oral contraceptives are at risk for which anemia?
• Which condition presents with tall stature, scoliosis, pectus excavatum, arachnodactyly, and lens dislocation?
• Wegener's granulomatosis is a ________ mediated hypersensitivity with _________ in 95% of cases.
• In PAN, inflammatory process can lead to what vascular complication that may rupture?
• Which disease is described by patches with granulation appearance, raised red-purple nodules, and nodular lesions with nodal and visceral involvement?
• In Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, RBCs have deficiency of which surface proteins?
• Esophageal varices are most characteristic of which condition?
• Which vascular tumor is associated with lymphedema and may present after radiation therapy to the breast?
• Which type of von Willebrand disease has four subtypes and is autosomal dominant?
• Dissection not involving the ascending part and usually distal to the left subclavian artery corresponds to which type?
• A thalassemia with 2 defective genes.
• In B-thalassemia, what globin will form unstable aggregates that result in RBC destruction?
• Abdominal aortic aneurysm expansion rate per year is best described as which value?
• Which virus is classically associated with Kaposi sarcoma?
• Polyarteritis nodosa is a systemic vasculitis of which vessels?
• Which lesion presents as a cavernous hemangioma with large vascular spaces and tends not to regress?
• Stanford Type A dissection includes involvement of the ascending aorta. Which option best reflects this?
• Expansion, dilation or distention, but NOT an aneurysm- entire area of vessel.
• Which disease is most commonly associated with nasal/sinus involvement and kidney disease, reflecting granulomatous inflammation of the airways and kidneys?
• Which disorder typically presents with fever, neurological symptoms, hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia?
• Which patient population has a genetic predisposition to berry aneurysms?
• Term describing anemia due to defective synthesis of hemoglobin?
• Which statement about Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is true?
• In AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma, which virus is the viral requirement and which acts as a cofactor in progression?
• What is the most frequent cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
• Which cell type dominates the vascular media and is central to vascular repair and pathology?
• Menorrhagia commonly leads to which type of anemia?
• AAAs can impinge adjacent structures such as vertebrae and ureter. True or False?
• Fever and fatigue with signs of neurological deficits and pulmonary hypertension point to which vasculitis?
• Rank the arteries most to least likely to have a saccular (berry) aneurysm in the circle of Willis.
• Which type of anemia should pregnant patients be aware of due to increased folate requirements?
• Long extremities and kyphosis with mitral valve prolapse and aortic dilation/dissection are characteristic of which syndrome?
• What is the predominant cellular element of the vascular media that plays an important role in normal vascular repair and pathologic processes?
• Factor VIII is decreased in which hemophilia?
• Monckeberg medial sclerosis is characterized by calcific deposits in which layer of the vessel wall?
• What is known about the cause of berry aneurysms?
• Which symptoms are associated with Deep Vein Thrombosis?
• Which disease is a well-known small-vessel vasculitis frequently associated with asthma and eosinophilia?
• What is the most common cause of an arteriovenous fistula?
• In iron deficiency anemia, total iron-binding capacity is increased.
• Which inheritance pattern is associated with Marfan syndrome?
• Abdominal aortic aneurysm can impinge which adjacent structures?
• Which condition results from blockage of lymph channels causing swelling due to interstitial fluid accumulation?
• In AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma, which statement is correct?
• Which term describes dilated veins in the anorectal region?
• Largely dilated lymphatic spaces up to 15 cm in diameter in the neck or axilla of children, often associated with Turner's syndrome, describe which lesion?
• Distributing arteries that maintain vascular tone are which type of arteries?
• What percentage of hypertension is secondary?
• Fatty change in liver, myocardium, and kidney may occur due to hypoxia from anemia. Which organs show these changes?
• The triad of acute necrotizing granulomas in the upper and lower respiratory tract, necrotizing/granulomatous vasculitis of all small vessels, and glomerulonephritis describes which disease?
• Resistance vessels are which type of blood vessel?
• Which two organs are most commonly affected in Wegener granulomatosis?
• Angiosarcoma can arise in association with which condition?
• Macrophages in the intima eventually become what type of cells?
• Which syndrome is the rare small vessel necrotizing vasculitis associated with asthma, allergic rhinitis, lung infiltrates, eosinophilia, and extravascular necrotizing granulomas?
• ANCA stands for which antibodies?
• The coronary vessels are what type of artery?
• In response to anemia, erythropoietin is produced primarily by which organ?
• Jaw claudication with temporal artery tenderness and vision disturbance is classic for which condition?
• Type A dissection involving ascending AND descending aorta is classified as which DeBakey type?
• Kaposi sarcoma lesions are typically described as what color and pattern?
• Thalassemia of any type offers some protection from malaria.
• A patient presents with recurrent sinusitis, chronic ear infections, nose bleeds, sores on the nose, and joint pain. Which disease is most suspected?
• Hypersegmented PMNs (>5 lobes), low B12 and folate levels, pancytopenia, and oval macrocytosis indicate which type of anemia?
• A 20-year-old patient with Raynaud's type cold hypersensitivity and neuritis who has smoked since age 15. What do you suspect?
• Which term describes several conditions characterized by formation of platelet-fibrin thrombi in small vessels leading to small vessel occlusion and a consumptive coagulopathy?
• Which artery type is typically classified as a medium muscular artery?
• Cold agglutinin disease is mediated by which immunoglobulin?
• In primary Raynaud's, structural changes in arterial walls are absent, except for intimal thickening late in the course. True or False?
• Which percentage of hypertension is idiopathic (essential hypertension)?
• Which von Willebrand disease type has four subtypes and autosomal dominant inheritance?
• A 25-year-old HIV-seronegative patient with enlarged lymph nodes is most consistent with which KS variant?
• Aplastic anemia treatment involves removing the offending agent or what definitive therapy?
• Hemorrhoids can occur with portal hypertension.
• Which process initiates monocyte involvement in atherosclerosis?
• Varicose veins radiating from the umbilicus on the anterior abdominal wall are called what?
• Which inheritance pattern is described for the A and B globin chains of hemoglobin?
• A patient with cavernous hemangiomas in the cerebellum, brain stem, retina, pancreas and liver most likely has which disease?
• What is the typical red blood cell morphology in iron deficiency anemia?
• Diagnosis of anemia is based on reductions in which two blood measurements?
• Chronic hypertension is associated with which form of arteriolosclerosis due to plasma protein leakage into vessel walls?
• In berry aneurysms, is a full-blown aneurysm present at birth, and which layer is weakened?
• A thalassemia with hydros fetalis, complete lack of a-globin, excess y-globin does not release oxygen, fetal demise.
• SLE, drug hypersensitivity (penicillin), and infection are associated with which form of vasculitis?
• Spider telangiectasia is commonly associated with which hormonal state?
• Chronic hemodynamic stress leads to plasma protein leakage across endothelium and smooth muscle cells, resulting in which arteriolosclerosis?
• Cold agglutinin disease can be a complication of infection with which organism?
• Individuals homozygous for defective B globin gene have which thalassemia condition?
• Microscopic polyangiitis is best described as which type of vasculitis affecting the microvasculature?
• Exaggerated vasoconstriction of digital arteries and/or arterioles describes which condition?
• A patient with chronic hepatitis B infection and negative ANCA would most likely have which vasculitis?
• Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis results from deletion of alpha-globin genes.
• Monckeberg sclerosis is usually clinically insignificant unless accompanied by which condition?
• Giant cell arteritis is best described as which type of hypersensitivity?
• The typical patient demographic for Wegener's granulomatosis is which?
• Varicose veins in the venous plexus of the anorectal junction are called what?
• A patient presents with acute self-limited intravascular hemolysis with hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria—what do you suspect?
• In DIC, depletion of which substance leads to consumption of coagulation factors and potential unremitting hemorrhage?
• Which lesion is typically small (<2 cm), commonly occurs in the head, neck, or axillary subcutaneous tissue, contains lymph and has no red blood cells?
• Berry aneurysm rupture is most common in which decade and is more common in which sex?
• Which statement best describes essential hypertension?
• Most common form of thalassemia?
• Which condition is characterized by marked dilation of veins in the head, neck and arms due to a mediastinal mass?
• Aplastic crisis is usually associated with infection by which type of pathogen?
• The umbrella term for inflammation of blood vessel walls is:
• Which type of polycythemia is erythropoietin-independent RBC production?
• Polyarteritis nodosa typically affects which vessels?
• What is the most common form of vasculitis among elderly individuals aged 50 and above?
• What globin will form tetramers that damage RBC membranes in a-thalassemia?
• Kawasaki disease may lead to which complication that can rupture or thrombose, causing myocardial infarction?
• Which statement best describes thrombocytopenia?
• Which polycythemia is associated with chronic hypoxia?
• Which is a milder case of varicose veins that is more of a cosmetic concern?
• Vascular pathology occurs due to ______ of lumen or ______ of wall.
• Increase in platelet count is termed
• In disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), the major mechanism is release of which factor?
• What term describes a condition defined by a platelet count below 100,000 per microliter, with spontaneous bleeding likely when counts fall below 20,000 per microliter?
• Polyarteritis nodosa spares which type of vessels?
• Which TMP occurs in children, lacks neurological symptoms, and is associated with infection by enterohemorrhagic E. coli?
• Which condition is characterized by shortened RBC lifespan with elevated erythropoietin and compensatory erythropoiesis, along with accumulation of hemoglobin degradation products?
• The lymphatic counterpart to hemangiomas is best described as which lesion?
• In von Willebrand disease, laboratory evaluation has abnormal platelet ______ and coagulation.
• Port-wine stain is another name for which condition?
• Insidious onset with stomatitis, glossitis, and degeneration of the spinal cord with demyelination is most consistent with which anemia?
• What term describes dilation of a vessel without forming an aneurysm?
• Abdominal aortic aneurysm presents as a mass in the anterior abdominal wall that is often which characteristic?
• What is the most frequent and clinically important pattern of arteriosclerosis?
• Irregular focal thickening of walls of medium and large muscular arteries is characteristic of which condition?
• Anti-endothelial cell antibodies in immune mediated vasculitis(non infectious) are associated with autoreactive ________ activation.
• Which presentation is most consistent with anemia?
• People diagnosed with ______ B thalassemia have some protection against coronary heart disease and symptomatic CVD at 30-40% the rate of the other type.
• Which anemia is autoimmune in origin with antibodies to intrinsic factor and parietal cells?
• Intimal thickening during injury is not completely reversible; recurrent injury can lead to which change?
• Atherosclerotic plaques form in which tunica of large and medium arteries?
• Sturge-Weber syndrome is commonly associated with a somatic mutation in which gene?
• Necrotizing vasculitis affecting capillaries, arterioles and small venules is characteristic of which disease?
• Which KS variant is prevalent in Bantu children of central Africa and tends to involve lymph nodes and viscera with a poor prognosis?
• Classic KS lesions most commonly occur on which region?
• A 65-year-old man with multiple red-purple skin plaques or nodules on the feet and no other symptoms is most likely to have:
• In alpha-thalassemia with three gene deletions, which abnormal hemoglobin forms tetramers that damage red blood cells?
• A patient presents with intravascular hemolysis, pancytopenia, venous thrombosis, and morning hemoglobinuria. What is suspected?
• Which statement correctly defines anemia?
• Back pain with persistent cough and dysphagia and an apparent left ventricular hypertrophy most likely indicates which condition?
• Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemias are mediated by which immunoglobulin?
• Which artery is the primary site affected in giant cell arteritis?
• Which KS type remains the most prevalent AIDS-related malignancy despite a decrease in incidence?
• Anemia from acute hemorrhage requires ____ for increased plasma volume with resulting decrease in Hgb, Hct, RBC count.
• Which term describes anemia caused by defective synthesis of hemoglobin?
• Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis) is associated with which type of inflammation?
• Giant cell arteritis typically affects older adults, while Takayasu arteritis typically affects younger adults. Which statement is correct?
• In Marfan syndrome, the aorta is at risk for which complication?
• A-thalassemia with one defective gene.
• A thalassemia with increased production of B-globin tetramers that damage RBCs.
• Autoimmune gastritis leading to decreased intrinsic factor production by gastric parietal cells results in which anemia?
• Hypocellular marrow involving all elements, often with replacement of bone marrow by fat cells, is characteristic of which disorder?
• Pancytopenia with hypersegmented neutrophils and an abnormal Schilling test is characteristic of which anemia?
• A pulsatile abdominal mass with recurrent urinary tract infections most strongly suggests which condition?
• Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP) involves antibodies directed toward which combination of cells?
• Alterations that render red blood cells less flexible are most closely associated with which type of hemolysis?
• Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP) affects which group and is often seen in those with which condition?
• Type A dissection involving only the ascending aorta is classified as which DeBakey type?
• Which disease is defined by irregular thickening of medium and large muscular arteries leading to stenosis and aneurysm?
• In Takayasu arteritis, which artery is involved in about half of patients?
• Which vessels are leaky in the inflammatory response?
• Segmental, thrombosis, acute and chronic inflammation of medium/small arteries is a feature of which disease?
• Which vascular neoplasm is an intermediate-grade lesion caused by human herpesvirus 8?
• Giant cell arteritis principally affects which artery, and often affects which other artery too?
• Varicose veins are dilated, tortuous, elongated ______ veins of the lower extremity (most commonly)
• Which artery is least likely to harbor a berry aneurysm among PCA, ACA, MCA, and ICA?
• What is known about the cause of berry aneurysms?
• The proximal lesion from an aortic dissection that is more common and dangerous is categorized as which type?
• Vitamin K deficiency leads to decreased gamma-carboxylation of which factors?
• Which lesion is a very common vascular tumor characterized by an increased number of small vessels filled with blood?
• Fibromuscular dysplasia has ____________ and ___________ of the tunica media and intima leading to stenosis/aneurysm.
• Which arteries are included in the circle of Willis and commonly associated with berry aneurysms?
• Which inflammatory marker is a sensitive indicator of atherosclerosis risk and is secreted by the liver and by the intima?
• Vascular injury causing endothelial cell dysfunction stimulates which processes leading to intimal thickening?
• Which finding on a blood smear is most characteristic of intravascular hemolysis?
• Dehydration-related loss of plasma leads to polycythemia is classified as which type?
• Which infection is associated with polyarteritis nodosa?
• AAA stands for which term?
• Which of the following findings is most characteristic of megaloblastic anemia on blood smear?
• What is the typical red blood cell morphology in anemia of chronic disease?
• Which condition is an example of an acquired coagulation factor deficiency?
• In fibromuscular dysplasia, aneurysms are proximal to the area of thickening.
• What histologic feature characterizes giant cell arteritis?
• Esophageal varices are most commonly caused by which condition leading to portal hypertension?
• Capillary hemangiomas typically regress spontaneously by which age?
• A group of genetic disorders affecting collagen synthesis; patient is at risk for rupture of colon and large arteries, retinal detachment and diaphragmatic hernia. Which syndrome is described?
• Large vessel vasculitis more common in younger patients and involves the aortic arch in about one-third.
• Which statement best describes non-infectious vasculitis?
• Spontaneous bleeding in thrombocytopenia is most likely when the platelet count falls below which threshold?
• What percentage of vasculitides are non-infectious (immune mediated)?
• Which constitutional risk factor accounts for a smaller percentage of atherosclerosis cases than age and gender?
• Pernicious anemia may present with decreased proprioception, vibratory sense, hyperreflexia, gait ataxia, and a history of alcohol use. This neurologic presentation is most indicative of which anemia?
• PR3-ANCA positivity is most characteristic of Wegener's granulomatosis. Which disease does this indicate?
• On a blood smear of a patient with intravascular hemolysis, you would expect to find which fragments?
• A dislodged mural thrombus from an abdominal aortic aneurysm most commonly affects which locations?
• Anemia of acute blood loss results in a compensatory ____________ in 4-5 days following hemorrhage
• Monckeberg Medial Sclerosis involves calcification of the tunica media in which vessels?
• Dissection occurs when blood separates the laminar planes of which arterial wall layer?
• Beta-thalassemia major occurs in individuals who are
• The most common hereditary bleeding disorder is which disease?
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is best described as which of the following?
• In microscopic polyangiitis, segmental fibrinoid necrosis involves which layer of the arterial wall?
• Which statement best describes SVC syndrome?
• Which statement about von Willebrand disease is true?
• Rapidly growing nodular lesion on the skin, gingiva, or oral mucosa that bleeds easily and ulcerates is most consistent with which condition?
• Liver lesions in angiosarcoma are associated with which exposure?
• Fad dieters are at risk for which type of anemia due to inadequate intake of essential folate?
• What primary condition is suspected with moderate anemia, ascites, hemorrhoids, and esophageal varices on endoscopy?
• Which site is the preferred site for metastasis of sarcomas?
• Berry aneurysms are what type of aneurysms, and 90% are found at which points?
• Which disease is associated with anti-endothelial cell antibodies in non-infectious vasculitis (immune mediated)?
• Thoracic aortic aneurysms are classically seen in which syndrome?
• Which hematologic change is expected in anemia from acute hemorrhage?
• Intravascular hemolysis is manifested by which of the following?
• Hemolytic anemia leads to accumulation of what in the blood?
• What is the lymphatic counterpart of hemangiomas?
• Which DeBakey type describes a dissection confined to the ascending aorta?
• Telangiectasia is best described as:
• Principle arteries affected in Buerger disease (thromboangiitis obliterans)
• Cold agglutinin disease is mediated by which immunoglobulin?
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome patients can have rupture of which arteries?
• Spherocytes trapped in the spleen resulting in splenomegaly are characteristic of which disorder?
• Which feature of anemia can cause fatty change in liver, myocardium, and kidney?
• A young woman presents with hypertension and a renal artery aneurysm. This combination most strongly suggests which condition?
• Intravascular hemolysis is caused by mechanical injury, complement fixation, intracellular parasites or exogenous toxic factors. Which statement best describes this?
• Monckeberg Medial Sclerosis involves calcification of the tunica media in which vessels?
• ________ polycythemia can be due to loss of plasma (dehydration)
• Which form of immune hemolytic anemia is most active at temperatures below 30°C?
• Calcium deposits in tunica media that have hardened into bone in a 50-year-old diabetic patient suggest which vascular condition?
• Arteriolosclerosis primarily affects which vessels?
• RBC destruction (hemolytic anemia) is associated with which type of anemia?
• Folate deficiency anemia is the same as B12 deficiency but lacks involvement of which system?
• What is the definition of an arteriovenous fistula?
• Exposure to toxins or venoms can cause which type of anemia?
• Which statement best describes giant cell arteritis?
• Giant cell arteritis can cause sudden vision loss mainly due to occlusion of which artery?
• IVC syndrome can be caused by _______ or ________ tumors/vein thrombosis.
• Nitric oxide is a ______ factor produced by endothelial cells while endothelin is a ______ factor.
• Most commonly due to vascular congestion associated with pregnancy or chronic constipation.
• Which chromosome carries the Marfan syndrome gene?
• Which DeBakey type describes a dissection that involves both the ascending and descending aorta?
• Von Willebrand disease is inherited in which pattern?
• Aplastic anemia is often secondary to infection with which virus?
• Untreated polyarteritis nodosa is most likely to cause death due to involvement of which organ?
• A condition can cause marked dilation of veins in the head, neck and arms with cyanosis; pulmonary vessels can be compressed leading to respiratory distress.
• Altitude, smoking, lung disease, cyanotic heart disease can all cause ___________ polycythemia
• Hemangiomas account for approximately what percentage of benign tumors in infancy?
• Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile vasculitis affecting what size vessels?
• Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is an X-linked disorder occurring in approximately 10% of Africans and peri-Mediterranean populations.
• During normal hemostasis, endothelial cells produce anti-coagulant products. Which term describes these anti products?
• Most common location of abdominal aortic aneurysm?
• Fibromuscular dysplasia is most common in which sex?
• A streaky blanching spot on the lateral forearm with a palpable pulse and high estrogen levels most likely represents which lesion?
• A patient presents with fever, fatigue, temporal scalp tenderness, and sudden vision loss. Suspect which condition?
• Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder caused by antibodies to which cells?
• Thalassemia ______ individuals will develop hemolysis, splenomegaly, bone marrow hyperplasia and bone marrow deformities.
• In anemia of chronic disease, red blood cell indices are typically which?
• Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for varicose veins?
• Kawasaki disease typically affects which age group?
• Factor IX is decreased in which hemophilia?
• Extravascular hemolysis occurs primarily in which organ?
• Increased RBC precursor proliferation independent of erythropoietin describes which condition?
• What is the term for severe pain due to vaso-occlusion in sickle cell disease?
• Which disease is defined by necrotizing granulomatous inflammation of the respiratory tract with glomerulonephritis?
• Classic PAN is what kind of necrosis leading to ischemia/infarction?
• Anemia of chronic blood loss is most commonly which type of anemia?
• Which type of anemia can result from damage to hematopoietic cells by infection, drugs, or radiation?
• Which pattern corresponds to one defective beta-globin gene in beta-thalassemia?
• Hemophilia A is due to decreased activity of which factor and is X linked?
• Which age group is Takayasu arteritis more common?
• Which of the following is NOT among the five most common clinical manifestations of microscopic polyangiitis?
• Thrombocytosis causes increased ______
• Which syndrome is characterized by facial port-wine stain and leptomeningeal angiomatosis with possible seizures?
• Which type of von Willebrand disease is autosomal recessive and most severe?
• Cavernous hemangioma can involve intravascular thrombosis and which type of calcification?
• Myocardial hypoxia due to anemia can manifest as which condition?
• Which type of von Willebrand disease is most common, least severe, and autosomal dominant?
• Which statement about arteriovenous fistulas is true?
• Which statement best describes fibromuscular dysplasia?
• Hereditary spherocytosis is an autosomal dominant condition most often related to deficiency of which protein?
• Hypersegmented PMNs are a classic finding in which type of anemia?